The nasal cavity is divided into two compartments by the nasal septum. These crures together form the nasal vestibule deficit. The medial crus forms the columellar, while the lateral crus forms the nasal area. The lower lateral cartilage segments are butterfly shaped and consist of medial and lateral crures. The upper lateral cartilage provides protection which is of the shape of the middle third part of the nose and supports the nasal valve. The paired nasal bone form consists of two parts, the upper nose and the lower cartilage. The upper lateral cartilages provide the shape of the middle third of the nose and support for the underlying nasal valve. The paired nasal bones form the external nose superiorly and two sets of paired cartilage inferiorly. The upper framework of bone is made up of the nasal bones, the nasal part of the frontal bones, and the frontal processes of the maxillae.
#Essential anatomy for anesthesia series
The external nose is formed by an upper framework of bone, a series of cartilages in the lower part, and a small zone of fibro fatty tissue that forms the lateral margin of the nostril (the ala). The external nose is a pyramidal structure, situated in the midface, with its base on the facial skeleton and its apex projecting anteriorly. The nose is divided into the external nose and the nasal cavity. The nose originates in the cranial ectoderm and is composed of the external nose and the nasal cavity. This section also focuses on the abnormal airways in obesity, pregnancy, children and neonate, and patients with abnormal facial defects. Anatomical abnormalities may affect only intubation, only airway management, or both. Managing the airway of a patient with craniofacial disorders poses many challenges to the anesthesiologist. This section also describes the functional physiology of this airway. It includes the mouth, the nose, the palate, the uvula, the pharynx, and the larynx. The upper airway extends from the mouth to the trachea. Knowledge of the functional anatomy of the airway in these forms the basis of understanding the pathological conditions that may occur. The airway changes in size, shape, and position throughout its development from the neonate to the adults. Both the anatomical structure of the airways and the functional properties of the mucosa, cartilages, and neural and lymphatic tissues influence the characteristics of the air that is inhaled. The upper airway has an important role in transporting air to the lungs. In this chapter, we scope the importance of functional anatomy and physiology of the upper airway.
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